Beer “To-Go” 
Glass Growlers Vs Aluminum Cans
 
There has been a trend of movement small-scale microbreweries have been gearing towards when it comes to “to-go” vessels. Just wanted to take some time to express some of the benefits and challenges when it comes to transporting your favorite fresh beer from your local brewery. As more and more can seamer equipment has become more relatively affordable, breweries have considered the option to transition from the glass growler vessels to cans.

We are moving towards discontinuing sales of new growler containers to now roll-out 16oz cans. (Four cans replace a full 64oz growler). As always, we will continue filling growlers, but those that forget to bring a growler, can readily purchase fresh canned beer "to-go". 
 
Some of the best features of a growler fill:

• Rapid ease of fill and less sales time delays
• Best vessel for recycling the container use
• Can easily be capped during drinking session

 
Drawbacks of growler fills:

• Common 64oz vessels have to be consumed up to a day after opening
• Shorter shelf life of a common one week
• Higher chance of oxidation of beer due to the gap of beer fill and cap
• Fragile container can easily break
• Need for extra care in cleaning and reusing
• Higher vessel costs raise beer purchasing prices

 
Best features of can fill:

• Less chance of air gap between fill and cap –reduces oxidation –beer stays fresher, longer!
• More sturdy of a vessel to transport
• Can be compacted and commonly recycled 
• Lower vessel costs can be absorbed in price of sale
• Rather than drinking a common 64oz of beer in a session, a portion of beer can be enjoyed immediately and a portion can remain fresh and reserved for a later time
• Can seeming process is more fascinating for customers rather than watching the growler filling and capping process
• An opportunity for more diversity of beer styles can be purchased rather than one whole container of 64oz beer
• Customer has an opportunity to purchase one or two cans as opposed to committing to a full 64oz amount
• More sanitary since it is a single use vessel

 
Drawbacks of can fills:

• Time delay in filling and seeming
• Aluminum cans have some consumers feeling as substandard as opposed to traditional glass
• Fluctuations in aluminum costs, can impact future sales pricing

Just wanted to share a few thoughts regarding canned beers versus glass growler fills. Feel free to post and share your comments and feedback. Prost!

​An idiots guide to giving beer ratings using social media. (From a beer brewer’s perspective).  
 
OK, as much as we (as brewers) love our beer to get sampled, there seems a magnitude of inconsistency in beer ratings across the board for as much as 85% of all beer ratings performed. I am talking about  “cool hipster” users on social media applications (I.e. Untapped, and similar). 
 
For those that love giving ratings here are some examples that I feel should be followed in effort to fill in the gap of feedback value brewers and breweries are most likely seeking when you write your rating. 
 
There are brewers like me that truly feel beer making is at a high level, just as an artist can paint a picture. Beer making is as an opportunity to take chemistry to a form of artistic creative expression. As brewers, we typically strive for others to also like our artwork, but realize we can’t always please everyone. But please be mindful of the following when preparing your rating:

1. Don’t write your beer rating just as your drunk or buzzed. You can make a fool of yourself as well as others, or give more or less value to a beer rating then you really were if not intoxicated. Please just don’t do that. Take a photo of a label or something to remind you to do your rating at a later time when your sober. Or revisit the beer to give an appropriate rating. 
2. If a bottled/canned beer taste has significant off flavor, out dated, stale, weak and inappropriate compared to most ratings of the beer -you may have gotten an irregularity. In handcraft beer making, although not intentional, this can actually happen. Beer sitting on shelves at warm temperatures can affect tastes; handcrafted beers are also still reacting and dynamically can alter in time. Please be patient. Am sure if you reached out to the brewery to ask if a particular taste is proper or not, they may just appreciate your respectful follow-up and who knows? you may get a free shirt out of it? Just saying…
3. If you go on a beer brewery tour, and a brewer/tour guide gives you a shot sample of how a beer tastes while in production, that is not a finished product –you can’t rate a beer while it is still in production. You should be honored they gave you an in-production sample. Doesn’t make any sense.
4. Give constructive feedback notes as to what you taste. Even if you don’t like the beer, it really helps a brewer know if consumers are receptive to the taste in the beer the brewer may or may not have intended.
5. If your not experienced enough of knowing how a particular style should taste like, perhaps refrain or postpone from giving a numerical rating of the beer. As a brewer, there are times where I need to sample many of the same styles all at once to know where numerically beers fall in rating; am not sure how ratings can be randomly justified unless tasting many of the same styles at a similar session?
6. If your not a fan of a particular style, don't just rate a beer as low because you personally just hate that style. Am personally not a fan of stouts. I am not into too much dark malty beers, but there are many people that truly are big fans. I can't justify placing a low rating on a beer because I personally don't love that style, it is a style for others -therefore I would have to refrain from a numerical rating since I can't objectively (in all fairness) value it. 
7. Don’t let brewery marketing and media alter your actual rating of a beer. This rating platform should not be a popularity contest to impress or help you make new friends just because a beer is well marketed. What is your experience of tasting the beer? Be honest, professional –bashing to be popular with your friends can simply just make yourself look like an idiot. 

 
Can probably go on and on...these were just a few thoughts off the top of my head, feel free to post comments below. 
 
Although a brewery can’t please everyone’s pallet; constructive criticism and feedback are typically taken seriously. Please be mindful that you can also take steps in helping local breweries make amazing craft brews and solidify opportunities to make locally made beer taste even better in the future. 

A great write-up from All About Beer Magazine...

​

BOCK TO BASICS
All About Beer Magazine - Volume 23, Issue 1
March 3, 2002
By K. Florian Klemp

http://allaboutbeer.com/article/bock-to-basics/

Most styles of beer have a signature characteristic or two that dominate their profile. If it’s the pure, unobstructed, lugubrious essence of malt you seek, reach for a bock. Born and raised in Germany, traditional bock beer and its brethren present unfettered maltiness to the palate like no other style of brew. These strong, lusty lagers come in several substyles beyond traditional bock―the stronger doppelbock, the paler, springtime helles/maibock, and the fortified eisbock.

Outside its native Germany, exquisite examples are brewed in Switzerland, Norway, Italy, Canada, The Netherlands and the United States. Bocks run the color gamut from golden to dark brown, and the strength scale from moderately strong to bludgeoning force. Some bocks are seasonal, coinciding even with religious calendars, but many can be found throughout the year.

The Birth of Bock

The roots of bock beer can be traced back to the 14th century and the city of Einbeck, in northern Germany. Bock’s history is less nebulous than that of many other beer styles. Einbeck was a major European trade center in the Middle Ages and a member of the powerful Hanseatic League, a group of cities that worked together to protect each others’ trade interests during a tumultuous time. Einbecks beers were highly regarded throughout Europe, and with the aid of the League, it wasn’t long before the product was exported to its devotees in England, Scandanavia, the Mideast, and Mediterranean and Baltic countries.

Several things contributed to the quality of Einbeck beer. The city is located in one of the earliest hop growing regions in Europe, which no doubt made the beer more stable and unique, considering that herbal gruit was the more common beer spice of the era. Einbeck beer was also brewed with the palest malt available, one-third wheat and two-thirds barley, making for a more delicate than usual beverage. It was brewed only in winter, and therefore stored cold, making it cleaner and less prone to infection. When compared to the generally murky, darker brews of the day, it’s no wonder that those of Einbeck won so many fans.

Even though Munich was a brewing center during the same time, its beer couldn’t match that of Einbeck. The Munich braumeisters set out to change this disparity. In 1612, Duke Maximillian I invited the best brewer in Einbeck, Elias Pichler, to teach them the moxie necessary to produce Einbeck beer. Munich’s indigenous brown beer, probably the forerunner of today’s dunkel, was then made using the Einbeck procedure. The resultant brew still was dark, and probably stronger. Within a few years, it became wildly popular. Refined over the years in keeping with advancing technology, these beers are known today as traditional bock.

Bocks are bottom fermented and extensively lagered to give them a smooth, deep maltiness. They are generally dark amber to dark brown in color and often scantily hopped. They are substantial beers at 6.0 to 7.5 percent alcohol by volume.

Many authors have presented various legends, some believable and others quite farfetched, about the origin of the bock name. One theory holds that it is a corruption of the beck in Einbeck. Another cites the German word for goat as the origin, referring to the kick of the strong brew or even its coincidence with zodiacal Capricorn. Yet another cites a corruption of the German word “pogkmedt” (mead) as the origin. Still another attributes bock to “Ainpoekische,” dialectic Bavarian for Einbeck, and a shortened version, “Poeckishe Pier.” This seems the most logical, but it is still open to debate.

Doppelbock

The Paulaner brewery of Munich can lay claim to the creation of doppelbock as a style. A group of Italian monks from the order of St. Francis of Paula crossed the Alps and settled near the city of Munich. Devout Catholics, they followed their traditions religiously (excuse the pun), which meant fasting occasionally. Solid food was verboten, but liquid, not. As the monks were expert brewers anyhow, making a brew that sustained them during these periods of dubious abstinence was a logical choice. Strong and nutritious fit the bill perfectly, providing sustenance both physical and mental.

Strong beer, brewed with local Germanic influence, resulted in what is now doppelbock. The monks established the Paulaner brewery in 1634 (coincidently, not long after Herr Pilcher from Einbeck visited Munich). Their beer became available to the public in 1780. The beer was named Salvator (The Savior) for obvious reasons, and it carries that moniker to this day. As the beer became popular, other breweries in Bavaria brewed it with great success and adopted the “-ator” suffix for their own versions.

Doppelbock literally means “double bock” but it isn’t really twice the strength of traditional bock, only marginally stronger. Doppelbocks are generally dark in color, from dark amber to dark brown, though some pale versions exist. A beer can be considered a doppelbock if its original gravity is no lower than 1.074, which ensures a beer of substantial strength and character.

Doppelbocks are quite complex. As there is virtually no hop flavor and aroma, and just enough hop bitterness to be detectable, virtually all of this style’s character can be attributed to its Munich-style malt and brewing practices. Munich malts are darkened from some extra kilning and they are also rendered less fermentable, resulting in a full-bodied, dextrinous wort. The character of these flavorful malts is augmented by using time-consuming, complicated decoction mashing techniques.

Decoction mashing was the method employed before thermometers were available. It consists of raising the mash temperature through its critical stages by boiling a little of the mash at a time and re-mixing it with the main portion. Repeated several times, this ensures that the all of the enzymes are able to do their job. The extra boiling, both during decoction and in the kettle, results in caramelization and a myriad of other complicated chemical reactions that benefit the wort and ultimately the flavor of the finished beer. All of this adds up to a complex, rich brew with unparalleled malt character.

Fermentation is done slowly, as with bottom-fermenting beers, and the lagering period is lengthy, often several months in duration.

Doppelbocks are not hard to find if you have a good package store and unrestricted beer laws. The majority of bocks available are, in fact, doppels. All of the major Bavarian breweries produce a doppelbock. All are good, some are excellent. Depending on local distribution, look for Spaten, Ayinger, Paulaner, Tucher and other brands with -ator in their name. Like other bocks, these are diverse, some relying solely on lighter malts, others on an influential dose of dark malts. The darker ones have distinct caramel and chocolate notes and sometimes a faint roastiness, whereas the amber versions have a slick, clean malt palate and a little less complexity.

Some breweries really push the envelope when it comes to strength. Most doppelbocks fall in the 7 to 8.5 percent ABV range but some are significantly higher. Coming in at 9.6 percent ABV is Urbock 23 from the Eggenberg brewery of Austria, established in 1681. The designation “23” refers to its original gravity in degrees Plato, roughly a 1.092 specific gravity. It is very pale, pure tasting and honeyish.

Stronger still is a product from the Hürlimann brewery in Zurich known as Samichlaus. Insanely strong at about 15 percent ABV, and with a starting gravity of about 1.120, it is brewed but once a year, on St. Nicholas Day, December 6. After fermentation, it is lagered until the following St. Nick’s day, when it is released just in time for winter. Reddish brown in color, and rich beyond description, it retains a smooth lager character despite its potency. This beer will keep for quite some time, so if you are lucky enough to find some, cellar it.

Helles Bock/Maibock

The lightest colored of the bock beers, these two are generally grouped together. These pale bocks are brewed in winter and first tapped in spring, often to coincide with seasonal celebrations. They range in color from deep gold to light amber. Naturally, light malts are used almost exclusively to produce them; thus they are fairly new to the bock scene. Pale malts were unheard of until early in the 19th century, when malting technology was refined, but they soon found their way into strong lagers in central Europe.

Decoction mashing is usually employed in the production of a pale bock, but the caveat to this is that the overall color of the brew darkens substantially during this procedure. A tricky undertaking, indeed. Because no dark malts are used, the soft, clean malt flavor and aroma come through totally unobstructed. Helles/maibocks are often given a slightly higher dose of hops than other bocks, giving them a fresher, livelier aroma and more balance.

Because of their relatively broad color range, pale bocks present a nice diversity. They could actually be segregated into two subcategories, with helles bocks being the golden hued and maibocks being those that appear more amber. The helles version would contain almost exclusively pilsner malt, while the maibock would contain a significant dose of toasty Vienna or Munich malts. Then again, there is that middle ground that would make them neither (or both).

Many German breweries, especially in Bavaria, may include a pale bock in their lineup. Einbecker itself brews both a helles and a maibock. Spaten makes a golden helles known as Premium Bock that is very much worth trying. Compare it to an Ayinger maibock, which is a little deeper in color and spicier on the palate. For something really unusual in the style, Schlenklera of Bamberg, Germany, makes a rauch maibock that uses the brewery’s famous smoked malt quite liberally. The label is almost identical to its regular rauch märzen, so read carefully.

Not surprisingly, many North American micros that specialize in German-style brews take a shot at pale bocks. The Gordon Biersch brewery includes a blonde bock that is mellow, malty and crisp. Pittsburg’s Church Brew Works annually wins awards in the maibock style and employs decoction mashing. Breweries in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Colorado, and North Carolina are just that produce these seasonal brews.

Eisbock

In yet another twist in strong lager production, some breweries produce eisbock. Simply put, this is a strong beer that is made into a stronger beer by freezing. As only the water portion will freeze, the beer is concentrated by the removal of the resultant ice. Generally, the beer is concentrated by only 10 percent or less.


K. Florian Klemp
K. Florian Klemp is a research analyst at Duke University in Durham, NC, and an award-winning homebrewer.